Hoe to Write a 'Literature Review'

The step that you have to do in writing a Literature Review is knowing about "what is your discussion about". here is an example about Hospitality Languages in General use:

1.      Blue G. M., & Harun M. (2003). Hospitality Language as a Professional Skill

a.       Purpose

T  Hospitality Language to communicate between hosts and guests from different linguistic background in Hospitality language.

T  Interviews with hotel staff reveal that some hospitality skills could be developed through in-service training.

b.      Result

T  Argues that particular patterns of language are associated with host-guest interaction.

T  Corresponding to the different stages of the arrival–departure hospitality cycle may be termed ‘hospitality language.

T  The concluding section recommends that communication skills be given more serious attention by human resources managers, researchers and educators in the field of hospitality management.

c.       Theoretical Foundation

T  Kasavana. (1993). the ‘Guest Cycle’ in Hospitality language as a professional skill, p. 424

T  Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

T  Blanton, D. (1981). Tourism training in developing countries: The social and cultural dimension. Annals of Tourism Research, 8, 116–133.

T  Jones, P., & Lockwood, A. (1989). The management of hotel operations: an innovative approach to the study of hotel management. London: Cassell.

2.      Shieh W. (2012). Hotel Employees’ Perception on Their Workplace English Use: An Example From Taiwan

a.       Purpose

T  To Know the HEPA (Hotel English Performance Assessment) framework, a 40-item questionnaire was developed to probe employees’ communicative performance at workplace.

T  As the demand for hospitality personnel trained to deliver high-quality guest service in English continues to grow, such proficiency cannot be promoted without first analyzing carefully what the needs for workplace

b.      Result

T  The results aid an understanding concerning the gaps between hotel English needs and employees’ self-assessed performance.

T  The results aid an understanding concern to contribute to help to draw up the criteria needed to strengthen employees’ language proficiency

T  The results aid an understanding concern to improve quality service in the international hotels. 

c.       Theoretical Foundation

T  Blue, G. M., & Harun, M. (2003). Hospitality language as a professional skill. English for Specific Purpose, 22, 73-91.

T  Harun, M. (1998). English at the hotel counter: A discourse analysis of hospitality language (M.A. dissertation, University of Southampton)

T  Wang, L. L. (2001). Professional competencies required for food and beverage employees working front of the house in international tourist hotels (Doctoral dissertation, National Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan).

T  Douglas, D. (2000). Assessing languages for specific purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

3.      Sirikhan S., & Prapphal K. (2011). Assessing Pragmatic Ability of Thai Hotel Management and Tourism Students in the Context of Hotel Front Office Department

a.       Purpose

T  Effective and appropriate communication in the hotel business needs more than linguistic knowledge.

T  Assess students’ pragmatic ability in the context of the hotel Front Office department

T  Study whether the levels of English proficiency have a significant effect on pragmatic ability, and investigate similarities and differences of linguistic forms related to pragmatic ability produced by the students with different levels of English proficiency

T  Study the errors that interfere with the students’ pragmatic knowledge. The subjects were 90 fourth-year Thai university students related to hospitality services

b.      Result

T  The findings revealed that the FOP-Test could distinguish the students’ pragmatic ability into high, average, and low levels;

T  there was a significant effect as a result of the levels of English proficiency on pragmatic ability; and the linguistic features that differentiated the students’ pragmatic abilities, in all groups, were the use of politeness markers and address forms;

T  Students produced pragmatic failures, in both pragma linguistics and sociolinguistics. These errors were perceived as ineffectiveness and inappropriateness in hotel staff and guest communication.

c.       Theoretical Foundation

T  Blue, G.M., & Harun, M (2003). Hospitality Language as a Professional Skill. English for Specific Purposes 22: 73-91.

T  Diethelm Travel’s Thailand Tourism Review. Diethelm Travel’s Tourism RoundTable: Bringing the Experts Together. Available from: http://www.bangkokpost.com/tourismreview2006/21.html [January 11,2008]

T  Ruiz Garrido, M., & Iborra, S. (2006). Why Call It Business English If We Mean English for Tourism? Some Reflections. ESP SIG Newsletter. December: 9-12.